Battery pack

ABSTRACT

A battery pack has a battery pack housing that defines an interior region, and a battery module that is disposed in the interior region. The battery module has a first battery cell, and a first heat exchanger defining a first flow path portion therethrough. The battery pack further includes a first electric fan and a thermally conductive housing that are disposed in the interior region. The thermally conductive housing has a first housing portion, and at least first and second cooling fins defining a second flow path portion therebetween. At least a portion of the second flow path portion is substantially in-line with the first flow path portion. The first electric fan urges air to flow through an inlet aperture, the first flow path portion, the second flow path portion, and through the first electric fan to a first outlet aperture to cool the battery module.

BACKGROUND

The inventors herein have recognized a need for a battery pack having animproved cooling functionality for cooling a battery module therein anda smaller longitudinal length than other battery packs.

SUMMARY

A battery pack in accordance with an exemplary embodiment is provided.The battery pack includes a battery pack housing having a bottom wall,first, second, third and fourth side walls, and a top cover that definean interior region. The first, second, third, and fourth side walls arecoupled to the bottom wall. The battery pack housing has an inletaperture extending therethrough at a first end of the battery packhousing. The battery pack housing has a first outlet aperture extendingtherethrough at a second end of the battery pack housing. The top coveris coupled to the first, second, third and fourth side walls. Thebattery pack further includes a battery module that is disposed in theinterior region of the battery pack housing a predetermined distanceabove the bottom wall and proximate to the inlet aperture. The batterymodule has a first battery cell and a first heat exchanger disposedagainst one another. The first heat exchanger is disposed substantiallyparallel to the bottom wall. The first heat exchanger defines a firstflow path portion therethrough. The battery pack further includes afirst electric fan that is disposed in the interior region of thebattery pack housing proximate to the first outlet aperture that fluidlycommunicates with the first outlet aperture. The battery pack furtherincludes a thermally conductive housing that is disposed in the interiorregion of the battery pack housing on the bottom wall. The thermallyconductive housing has a first housing portion and at least first andsecond cooling fins coupled to and extending upwardly from the firsthousing portion. The first and second cooling fins define a second flowpath portion therebetween. At least a portion of the second flow pathportion is substantially in-line with the first flow path portion. Thefirst housing portion is disposed between the first fan assembly and thebattery module. The first electric fan urges air to flow through theinlet aperture, the first flow path portion, the second flow pathportion, and through the first electric fan to the first outlet apertureto cool the battery module.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic of a battery pack in accordance with an exemplaryembodiment;

FIG. 2 is another schematic of the battery pack of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic of the battery pack of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is another schematic of the battery pack of FIG. 1 with a topcover removed from the battery pack;

FIG. 5 is another schematic of the battery pack of FIG. 1 with the topcover removed from the battery pack;

FIG. 6 is another schematic of a portion of the battery pack of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic of a louver utilized in the battery pack of FIG.1;

FIG. 8 is another schematic of the louver of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a portion of the battery pack of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is an exemplary table utilized by a microprocessor in thebattery pack of FIG. 1; and

FIGS. 11-12 are flowcharts of a method for controlling first and secondelectric fans for cooling a battery module and a DC-DC voltage converterin the battery pack of FIG. 1 in accordance with another exemplaryembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 1, 3 and 9, a battery pack 10 in accordance with anexemplary embodiment is provided. The battery pack 10 includes a batterypack housing 30, a battery module 32, first and second electric fans 34,35, a thermally conductive housing 36, a DC-DC voltage converter 38,first and second temperature sensors 40, 42, a microprocessor 44, anddriver circuits 46, 48.

An advantage of the battery pack 10 is that the battery pack 10 hasimproved air flow characteristics (e.g., substantially linear air flow)and cooling functionality by utilizing the battery module 32 with afirst heat exchanger defining a first flow path portion that issubstantially in-line and directly fluidly communicating with a secondflow path portion defined by first and second cooling fins on thethermally conductive housing 36 for cooling a battery module 32. Inparticular, the inventors herein have recognized that by utilizing thefirst flow path portion through the first heat exchanger that issubstantially in-line with the second flow path portion across thethermally conductive housing 36, a greater amount of heat energy istransferred from the battery module 32 and the housing 36 to air flowingthrough the battery pack housing 30. Further, the battery pack 10 has ahousing with a smaller longitudinal length by placing a portion of thethermally conductive housing underneath the battery module 32.

For purposes of understanding, the term “substantially in-line” meansbeing arranged in a substantially straight line (e.g., ±15 degreesrelative to one another).

Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the battery pack housing 30 is provided to holdthe remaining components of the battery pack 10 therein. The batterypack housing 30 has a bottom wall 70, side walls 72, 74, 76, 78, a topcover 79 that define an interior region 60. The battery pack housing 30further includes a louver 80. The side walls 72, 74, 76, 78 are coupledto the bottom wall 70 and extend substantially parallel to one another.The side walls 72, 74 are disposed at first and second ends,respectively, of the bottom wall 70. The top cover 79 has an inletaperture 90 extending therethrough at a first end of the battery packhousing 30. The battery pack housing 70 has outlet apertures 94, 96extending therethrough at a second end of the battery pack housing 30.The side walls 76, 78 are coupled to the bottom wall 70 and extendsubstantially parallel to one another. The side walls 76, 78 are coupledto and between the side walls 72, 74. The top cover 79 is removablycoupled to the side walls 72, 74, 76, 78 to enclose the interior region60. In an exemplary embodiment, the bottom wall 70, the side walls 72,74, 76, 78, and the top cover 79 are constructed of steel or aluminum.In an alternative embodiment, the bottom wall 70, the side walls 72, 74,76, 78, and the top cover 79 are constructed of plastic.

Referring to FIGS. 3, 7 and 8, the louver 80 is attached to the topcover 79 at the first end of the battery pack housing 30 proximate tothe inlet aperture 90. The louver 80 is adapted to allow the air to flowtherethrough and further through the inlet aperture 90 into the interiorregion 60 while preventing water and debris from entering the interiorregion 60. The louver 80 includes a body 100 and overhang portions 102,104, 106 extending outwardly from the body 100. The body 100 hasapertures 108, 110, 112, respectively, extending therethrough that aredisposed proximate to the overhang portions 102, 104, 106, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 3, the battery module 32 is disposed in the interiorregion 60 proximate to the inlet aperture 90. The battery module 32includes frame members 120, 122, 124, battery cells 150, 152, 154, 156,158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172 and end plates 173, 174.

The frame members 120, 122, 122 are provided to hold the battery cells154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168 therebetween. Also, the framemember 120 and the end plate 173 are provided to hold the battery cells150, 152 therebetween. Further, the frame member 124 and the end plate174 are provided to hold the battery cells 170, 172 therebetween. Theframe member 122 is coupled to and between the frame members 120, 124.The structure of each of the frame members 120, 122, 124 are identicalto one another. Accordingly, only the structure of the frame member 120will be described in greater detail below.

The frame member 120 has a substantially rectangular ring-shaped outerplastic frame 180 and a heat exchanger 182. The heat exchanger 182 hasfirst and second thermally conductive plates 190, 192 that are coupledtogether and define a flow path portion 193 that extends therethrough. Afirst side of the heat exchanger 182 directly contacts the battery cells150, 152, and a second side of the heat exchanger 182 directly contactsthe battery cells 154, 156.

The frame member 122 has an identical structure as the frame member 120described above. The frame member 122 has a substantially rectangularring-shaped outer plastic frame 196 and a heat exchanger 198. The heatexchanger 198 defines a flow path portion 199 that extends therethrough.A first side of the heat exchanger 198 directly contacts the batterycells 158, 160, and a second side of the heat exchanger 198 directlycontacts the battery cells 162, 164.

The frame member 124 has an identical structure as the frame member 120described above. The frame member 124 has a substantially rectangularring-shaped outer plastic frame 200 and a heat exchanger 202. The heatexchanger 202 defines a flow path portion 203 that extends therethrough.A first side of the heat exchanger 202 directly contacts the batterycells 166, 168, and a second side of the heat exchanger 202 directlycontacts the battery cells 170, 172.

The battery cells 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170,172 are each configured to generate an operational voltage. In oneexemplary embodiment, the battery cells 150-172 are pouch-typelithium-ion battery cells that have a substantially rectangular-shapedbody portion and a pair of electrical terminals. In an exemplaryembodiment, the battery cells 150-172 are electrically coupled in serieswith one another. In an exemplary embodiment, the structure of thebattery cells 150-172 are identical to one another.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5 and 9, the thermally conductive housing 36 isprovided to hold the DC-DC voltage converter 38 therein that iselectrically coupled to the battery cells 150-172 of the battery module32. The thermally conductive housing 36 transfers heat from the DC-DCvoltage converter 38 to air flowing past the thermally conductivehousing 36.

The thermally conductive housing 36 is disposed in the interior region60 of the battery pack housing 30 on the bottom wall 70. The thermallyconductive housing 36 has a first housing portion 320, a second housingportion 322, and cooling fins 330, 332, 334, 336, 340, 342, 344, 346.The first housing portion 320 is coupled to the second housing portion322, and the cooling fins 330-346 are coupled to and extend upwardlyfrom the first housing portion 320. The first housing portion 320 isdisposed on the bottom wall 70 between the first electric fan 34 and thebattery module 32, and is further disposed between the second electricfan 35 and the battery module 32. The second housing portion 322 isdisposed between the battery module 32 and the bottom wall 70 of thebattery pack housing 30. Further, the second housing portion 322 isdisposed on the bottom wall 70 and supports an end portion of thebattery module 32.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the cooling fins 330, 332 define a flow pathportion 360 therebetween that extends between the battery module 32 andthe first electric fan 34. Further, the cooling fins 332, 334 define aflow path portion 362 therebetween that extends between the batterymodule 32 and the first electric fan 34. At least a portion of the flowpath portion 362 is substantially in-line and directly fluidlycommunicating with the flow path portion 199 (shown in FIG. 3) of theheat exchanger 198. The cooling fins 334, 336 define a flow path portion364 therebetween that extends between the battery module 32 and thefirst electric fan 34.

Further, the cooling fins 340, 342 define a flow path portion 370therebetween that extends between the battery module 32 and the secondelectric fan 35. The cooling fins 342, 344 define a flow path portion372 therebetween that extends between the battery module 32 and thesecond electric fan 35. Also, the cooling fins 344, 346 define a flowpath portion 374 therebetween that extends between the battery module 32and the second electric fan 35.

In an exemplary embodiment, the thermally conductive housing 36 isconstructed of aluminum. Of course, in an alternative embodiment, thethermally conductive housing 36 can be constructed of other materialssuch as steel or other metal alloys for example.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5 and 9, the first electric fan 34 is provided tourge air through the interior region 60 of the battery pack housing 30to cool the battery module 32 and the DC-DC voltage converter 38. Thefirst electric fan 34 includes a housing 400 which defines a centralaperture 402 and a bottom outlet aperture 404. The first electric fan 34includes an internal motor and fan blades (not shown) which urge airinto the central aperture 402 and through an interior portion of thehousing 400, and the air exits the bottom outlet aperture 404. Thedriver circuit 46 (shown in FIG. 9) is electrically coupled to the firstelectric fan 34 and provides a control voltage for controlling operationof the first electric fan 34. During operation, the first electric fan34 urges air through the inlet aperture 90 of the battery pack housing30 and further through the flow path portions 193, 199, 203 of the heatexchangers 182, 198, 202, respectively, and further through the flowpath portions 360, 362, 364 to the first electric fan 34—and furtherthrough the outlet aperture 94 for cooling the battery module 32 and theDC-DC voltage converter 38.

The second electric fan 35 is provided to urge air through the interiorregion 60 of the battery pack housing 30 to cool the battery module 32and the DC-DC voltage converter 38. The second electric fan 35 has astructure substantially identical to the first electric fan 34. Thesecond electric fan 35 includes a housing 410 which defines a centralaperture and a bottom outlet aperture. The second electric fan 35includes an internal motor and fan blades (not shown) which urge airinto the central aperture thereof and through an interior portion of thehousing 410, and the air exits the bottom outlet aperture thereof. Thedriver circuit 48 (shown in FIG. 9) is electrically coupled to thesecond electric fan 35 and provides a control voltage for controllingoperation of the second electric fan 35. During operation, the secondelectric fan 35 urges air through the inlet aperture 90 of the batterypack housing 30 and further through the flow path portions 193, 199, 203of the heat exchangers 182, 198, 202, respectively, and further throughthe flow path portions 370, 372, 374 to the second electric fan 35—andfurther through the outlet aperture 96 for cooling the battery module 32and the DC-DC voltage converter 38.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 9, the first temperature sensor 40 is disposedin the interior region 60 of the battery pack housing 30 proximate to atleast one battery cell of the battery module 32. The first temperaturesensor 40 is configured to generate a temperature signal indicative of atemperature level of the battery module 32.

The second temperature sensor 42 is disposed in the interior region 60of the battery pack housing 30 proximate to the DC-DC voltage converter38. The second temperature sensor 42 is configured to generate atemperature signal indicative of a temperature level of the DC-DCvoltage converter 38.

The microprocessor 44 is operably and electrically coupled to the firsttemperature sensor 40, the second temperature sensor 42, and the drivercircuits 46, 48. In an exemplary embodiment, the microprocessor 44 isprogrammed to receive first and second temperature signals from thefirst and second temperature sensors 40, 42, respectively, and togenerate first and second voltage signals based on the first and secondtemperature signals, respectively, to induce the driver circuits 46, 48,respectively, to control operation of the first and second electric fans34, 35 respectively, as will be described in greater detail below. Themicroprocessor 44 has a memory device 400 which stores softwareinstructions and data for implementing at least portions of the methodfor controlling the first and second electric fans 34, 35.

Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, an exemplary table 500 stored in the memorydevice 400 which can be utilized by the microprocessor 44 forcontrolling an operational speed of the first and second electric fans34, 35 for cooling the battery module 32 and the DC-DC voltage converter38 is illustrated. The table 500 includes records 502, 504, 506, 508,510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522. Each record includes the followingfields: (i) fan speed percentage value, (ii) battery cell temperatureand (iii) DC-DC voltage converter temperature. The fan speed percentagevalue corresponds to a percentage of a threshold or maximum operationalspeed (e.g., 13,000 RPM) associated with each of the first and secondelectric fans 220, 222. The microprocessor 44 determines a battery celltemperature level, and a DC-DC voltage converter temperature level andthen utilizes these values as indexes in the table 500 to determinecorresponding fan speed percentage values for each of the first andsecond electric fans 34, 35. Then, the microprocessor 44 selects thehighest fan speed percentage value from the two values, and thengenerates a control value that induces the first and second electricfans 34, 35 to operate at an operational speed corresponding to thehighest fan speed percentage value. For example, if a battery celltemperature value equals 38 degrees Celsius, the microprocessor 44 canaccess the record 504 and select a first fan speed percentage value of0.1 corresponding to 10% of a threshold operational speed of each of thefirst and second electric fans 34, 35. Further, if a DC-DC voltageconverter temperature value equals 90 degrees Celsius, themicroprocessor 44 can access the record 506 and select a second fanspeed percentage value of 0.2 corresponding to 20% of a thresholdoperational speed of each of the first and second electric fans 34, 35.Thereafter, the microprocessor 44 selects the highest of the fan speedpercentage value of 0.1 and 0.2 which corresponds to 0.2 for controllingeach of the first and second electric fans 34, 35.

Referring to FIGS. 9, 11 and 12, a flowchart of a method for controllingthe first and second electric fans 34, 35 for cooling the battery module32 and the DC-DC voltage converter 38 in accordance with anotherexemplary embodiment is provided.

At step 602, the first temperature sensor 40 generates a firsttemperature signal indicative of a first temperature level of thebattery module 32. After step 602, the method advances to step 604.

At step 604, the second temperature sensor 42 generates a secondtemperature signal indicative of a second temperature level of the DC-DCvoltage converter 38. After step 604, the method advances to step 606.

At step 606, the microprocessor 44 determines a first fan speedpercentage value based on the first temperature level. The first fanspeed percentage value corresponds to a first percentage of a thresholdoperational speed value associated with first and second electric fans34, 35. After step 606, the method advances to step 608.

At step 608, the microprocessor 44 determines a second fan speedpercentage value based on the second temperature level. The second fanspeed percentage value corresponds to a second percentage of thethreshold operational speed value associated with the first and secondelectric fans 34, 35. After step 608, the method advances to step 610.

At step 610, the microprocessor 44 makes a determination as to whetherthe first fan speed percentage value is greater than or equal to thesecond fan speed percentage value. If the value of step 610 equals“yes”, the method advances to step 612. Otherwise, the method advancesto step 618.

At step 612, the microprocessor 44 selects the first fan speedpercentage value. After step 612, the method advances to step 614.

At step 614, the microprocessor 44 generates first and second controlsignals that induce the first and second driver circuits 46, 48,respectively, to output first and second control voltages, respectively,to induce the first and second electric fans 34, 35, respectively, toeach operate at an operational speed corresponding to the first fanspeed percentage value. After step 614, the method advances to step 616.

At step 616, the first electric fan 34 urges air to flow through theinlet aperture 90 of the battery pack housing 30, the flow path portion199 (shown in FIG. 3) of the heat exchanger 198 of the battery module32, the flow path portion 362 defined by cooling fins 332, 334 (shown inFIG. 5) of the thermally conductive housing 36, and through the firstelectric fan 34 to the outlet aperture 94 (shown in FIG. 4) of thebattery pack housing 30 to cool the battery module 32. After step 616,the method advances to step 617.

At step 617, the second electric fan 35 urges air to flow through theinlet aperture 90 of the battery pack housing 30, the flow path portion199 of the heat exchanger 198 of battery module 32, the flow pathportion 372 (shown in FIG. 5) defined by cooling fins 342, 344 of thethermally conductive housing 36, and through the second electric fan 35to an outlet aperture 96 of the battery pack housing 30 to cool thebattery module 32. After step 617, the method advances to step 618.

At step 618, the microprocessor 44 makes a determination as to whetherthe second fan speed percentage value is greater than the first fanspeed percentage value. If the value of step 618 equals “yes”, themethod advances to step 620. Otherwise, the method returns to step 602.

At step 620, the microprocessor 44 selects the second fan speedpercentage value. After step 620, the method advances to step 622.

At step 622, the microprocessor 44 generates third and fourth controlsignals that induce the first and second driver circuits 46, 48,respectively, to output third and fourth control voltages, respectively,that induce the first and second electric fans 220, 222, respectively,to each operate at an operational speed corresponding to the second fanspeed percentage value. After step 622, the method advances to step 624.

At step 624, the first electric fan 34 urges air to flow through theinlet aperture 90 of the battery pack housing 30, the flow path portion199 (shown in FIG. 3) of the heat exchanger 198 of the battery module32, the flow path portion 362 defined by cooling fins 332, 334 (shown inFIG. 5) of the thermally conductive housing 36, and through the firstelectric fan 34 to the outlet aperture 94 (shown in FIG. 4) of thebattery pack housing 30 to cool the battery module 32. While performingstep 624, the method also performs step 626.

At step 626, the second electric fan 35 urges air to flow through theinlet aperture 90 of the battery pack housing 30, the flow path portion199 of the heat exchanger 198 of battery module 32, the flow pathportion 372 (shown in FIG. 5) defined by cooling fins 342, 344 of thethermally conductive housing 36, and through the second electric fan 35to an outlet aperture 96 of the battery pack housing 30 to cool thebattery module 32. After step 626, the method returns to step 602.

The above-described method can be at least partially embodied in theform of one or more memory devices or computer readable media havingcomputer-executable instructions for practicing the methods. The memorydevices can comprise one or more of the following: hard drives, RAMmemory, flash memory, and other computer-readable media known to thoseskilled in the art; wherein, when the computer-executable instructionsare loaded into and executed by one or more computers ormicroprocessors, the one or more computers or microprocessors become anapparatus programmed to practice the associated steps of the method.

The battery pack described herein provides a substantial advantage overother battery packs. In particular, the battery pack has improved airflow characteristics by utilizing a battery module with a first heatexchanger defining a first flow path portion that is substantiallyin-line with a second flow path portion defined by first and secondcooling fins on the thermally conductive housing for cooling a batterymodule. Further, the battery pack has a housing with a smallerlongitudinal length by placing a portion of the thermally conductivehousing underneath the battery module.

While the claimed invention has been described in detail in connectionwith only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readilyunderstood that the invention is not limited to such disclosedembodiments. Rather, the claimed invention can be modified toincorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions orequivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which arecommensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally,while various embodiments of the claimed invention have been described,it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include onlysome of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the claimed invention isnot to be seen as limited by the foregoing description.

What is claimed is:
 1. A battery pack, comprising: a battery packhousing having a bottom wall, first, second, third and fourth sidewalls, and a top cover that define an interior region; the first,second, third, and fourth side walls being coupled to the bottom wall;the battery pack housing having an inlet aperture extending therethroughat a first end of the battery pack housing, the battery pack housinghaving an first outlet aperture extending therethrough at a second endof the battery pack housing; the top cover being coupled to the first,second, third and fourth side walls; a battery module being disposed inthe interior region of the battery pack housing a predetermined distanceabove the bottom wall and proximate to the inlet aperture; the batterymodule having a first battery cell and a first heat exchanger disposedagainst one another; the first heat exchanger being disposedsubstantially parallel to the bottom wall, the first heat exchangerdefining a first flow path portion therethrough; a first electric fanbeing disposed in the interior region of the battery pack housingproximate to the first outlet aperture that fluidly communicates withthe first outlet aperture; a thermally conductive housing being disposedin the interior region of the battery pack housing on the bottom wall;the thermally conductive housing having a first housing portion and atleast first and second cooling fins being coupled to and extendingupwardly from the first housing portion, the first and second coolingfins defining a second flow path portion therebetween, and at least aportion of the second flow path portion being substantially in-line withthe first flow path portion, the first housing portion being disposedbetween the first fan assembly and the battery module; and the firstelectric fan adapted to urge air to flow through the inlet aperture, thefirst flow path portion, the second flow path portion, and through thefirst electric fan to the first outlet aperture to cool the batterymodule.
 2. The battery pack of claim 1, further comprising a secondelectric fan communicating with a second outlet aperture in the batterypack housing, the thermally conductive housing further includes thirdand fourth cooling fins being coupled to and extending upwardly from thefirst housing portion, the third and fourth cooling fins defining athird flow path portion therebetween, and at least a portion of thethird flow path portion being substantially in-line with the first flowpath portion; and the second electric fan adapted to urge air to flowthrough the inlet aperture, the first flow path portion, the third flowpath portion, and through the second electric fan to the second outletaperture to cool the battery module.
 3. The battery pack of claim 1,wherein the thermally conductive housing further includes a secondhousing portion disposed between the battery module and the bottom wallof the battery pack housing.
 4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein thebattery module further includes a second battery cell and a second heatexchanger disposed against one another; the second heat exchanger beingdisposed substantially parallel to the bottom wall, the second heatexchanger defining a third flow path portion therethrough.
 5. Thebattery pack of claim 4, wherein the third flow path portion issubstantially in-line with a portion of the interior region disposedabove the first and second cooling fins of the thermally conductivehousing.
 6. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the thermallyconductive housing holds a DC-DC voltage converter therein that iselectrically coupled to the first battery cell of the battery module. 7.The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the thermally conductive housing isconstructed of aluminum.
 8. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein thefirst battery cell is disposed against a first side of the first heatexchanger, the battery module further having a second battery celldisposed against the first side of the first heat exchanger.
 9. Thebattery pack of claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger comprisesfirst and second thermally conductive plates being coupled together anddefining the first flow path portion extending therethrough.
 10. Thebattery pack of claim 1, further comprising a louver attached to thefirst side wall proximate to the inlet aperture, the louver adapted toallow the air to flow therethrough into the interior region whilepreventing water and debris from entering the interior region.